Whether or not all K-pop fandom is geared towards male idols, which paper concentrates primarily toward intimate objectification, lookism, and you will sexism in the girl idols’ audio and prospective influence on fans’ (mostly younger female) gender thinking
It’s important to research this part of K-pop music because it is a whole lot more challenging regarding new dark facts of sex affairs into the Korea: Regardless of if Korea enjoys successfully modernized its benefit, they lags much about most other OECD (Organisation to possess Financial Co-operation and you will Development) places with respect to sex equality ( Bethmann & Rudolf, 2016 ; Rudolf & Kang, 2015 ). Offering brand new largest gender spend gap plus the worst operating ecosystem for females certainly one of steeped nations, Korea’s positions throughout the All over the world Gender Pit Index is into the par having Muslim-vast majority places better-known for the discrimination up against people and rated better below the stubbornly patriarchal Japan ( GGGR, 2015 ; PwC, 2017 ; The newest Economist, 2016 ).
Scholars was indeed considering and you may criticizing the new overly sexualized, often sexist articles, also the propagation out-of lookism in the K-pop and you may revealing its possible impact on K-pop admirers. Relative to these types of talks and accepting the lack of tough proof regarding the discussion, this papers reveals the next theory: When the K-pop in fact encourages sexist axioms plus the objectification of women (due to the fact created in part II), their internationally achievements could have negative consequences on the development of intercourse equality globally. ; and you will dos) What is the relationship between K-pop music fandom and fans’ perceptions to the department out of labor anywhere between men and women inside and you may beyond your home?
This research primarily leads to the current literature on following a few ways. Earliest, that with a special and newly amassed research selection of 6,317 findings from 100 places, this study contributes uncommon difficult empirical proof towards argument out of how K-pop music has an effect on fans’ gender thinking. Second, the study shows exactly how sexism, lookism, and you may sexualization will most likely not you should be mellow cultural issues, however, might actually influence individual attitudes regarding how paid back and you may unpaid really works shall be split up anywhere between people. However, it has to additionally be listed that the analysis doesn’t intend to measure one causal outcomes. Considering the constraints sugar daddies net uk away from a mix-sectional questionnaire design, results must be translated since the correlations as opposed to causation.
Thus, the analysis questions is tested are as follows: 1) What is the relationships involving the level of K-pop fandom (counted by the your determination to fund K-pop facts and you may factors) and you can private intercourse attitudes?
With the rest of this article is structured below. This will supply the conceptual reason behind the study theory and you may the new empirical research. Section III brings up the newest survey framework, analysis place and you may variables, and you will gift suggestions descriptive statistics of the details used in this research. Point IV gift suggestions the brand new empirical methods utilized for analysis and you may empirical overall performance. Area V stops the content.
Sexism, such as for instance sexist thinking into the lady, hence mainly come from antique stereotypes regarding the intercourse opportunities, is one of the chief culprits you to definitely stand-in just how of sex equality. Earlier in the day research has investigated intercourse-part stereotyping from inside the music video clips ( Aubrey & Frisby, 2011 ; Kalof, 1999 ; Kistler & Lee, 2009 ; Seidman, 1992 ) or any other news versions ( Lauzen, Dozier, & Horan, 2008 ; Wood, 1994 ), and discovered you to definitely as compared to people, ladies are prone to become sexually objectified and you will kept in order to stricter physical appearance standards. More over, women are together with commonly depicted in many ways you to stresses antique gender roles: people was in fact healthier, dominant, aggressive, and you may violent, if you’re girls was in fact prone to feel showed due to the fact weakened, dependent, submissive, and you can caring. Though some K-pop music teams and you can idols apparently problem conventional intercourse roles through its androgynous or homoerotic imageries (such as for example, Amber out-of f(x), Jo Kwon from 2AM, and Lee Hong-gi out of F.T. Island) and you will remind a whole lot more egalitarian intercourse perceptions, most of the conventional K-pop musicians, such lady communities, was indeed conforming toward popular stereotypes.