Bee Species Variety
Regarding 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was stuck when you look at the Calanques National Park thru each other net and you can dish trap series. They belonged in order to half a dozen family members and 38 genera. Megachilidae was the essential varieties-rich members of the family, followed by Apidae and you can Halictidae, that have 53, 49, and you will 43 kinds, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is the fresh new wealthiest genus, which have 33 variety, whereas eight genera have been represented by the only 1 types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table 1 [on line merely] ). With the jackknife step one and you will 2 spiders, the entire bee types fullness try projected to be anywhere between ± nine.89 and you may ± . New observed richness ergo illustrated 71.3 in order to 79.6% of the estimated bee richness ( Table 2). The fresh new Chao1 means projected new observed fullness to be 76.8% of prospective maximum fullness ( Dining tagged profile table 2). The quintessential numerous types are Apis mellifera L. (276 some body), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 individuals, respectively), and Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 people). Ultimately, 50 species (26%) was in fact depicted from the singular private (singletons).
Ecological Qualities regarding Bees
Concerning your ecological faculties regarding nesting preferences, we known 59 solitary bee kinds nesting significantly more than floor, 92 single bee species nesting underground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, corresponding to 29.7, 47.9, and you will 12.0% of complete bee kinds fullness, respectively. I perceived five personal varieties (bumble bees and honey bees-dos.1%). Ultimately, this new nesting needs off fourteen variety will still be unfamiliar (7.3%- Supp Table step one [on line simply] ). Concerning your floral diet regarding bee types, i learned that 105 varieties (54.7%) foraged into the numerous bush types (we.age., generalist kinds, polylectic) and you may 51 kinds (twenty-six.5%) foraged on one bush family otherwise one to/partners bush variety (we.elizabeth., professional kinds, oligolectic). Toward leftover 36 bee species (18.8%), the new floral eating plan wasn’t recognized (e.g., having cleptoparasitic kinds). However, most generalist species demonstrated a desires for one otherwise a few bush household ( Supp Desk step one [online simply] ). Into the 44 singletons, fourteen bee kinds (28%) had been experts, and you may 9 bee kinds (18%) was in fact cleptoparasitic ( Supp Dining table 1 [on the internet only] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN standing was designed for 178 types (excluding brand new variety complexes and you will unfamiliar types). One particular, 47 variety have been classified as the analysis deficient (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 types was basically minimum worried (LC-69.6%), six types had been close threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one types was sensed endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk 1 [online only] ). Three oligolectic kinds have been one of several seven threatened bee types. Good. ovatula and you may C. albomaculatus are pros to the Fabaceae, D. argentata was an expert into the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 so you can 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been trapped in the Calanques Federal Playground. They belonged to 24 genera ( Supp Table 2 [on the internet just] ). One particular abundant genera was basically Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anyone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 some one), and you can Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville for the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen someone), whereas 20 kinds (53%) have been represented of the one personal ( Supp Desk 2 [on the web just] ). The newest bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) were represented because of the 20 species, also five singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk step three [on the internet just] ). This new estimate away from overall types fullness off hover flies and you may bee flies was ranging from 83 and you may 97 kinds making use of the jackknife 1 and you can 2 spiders, respectively. Therefore, the fresh observed fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of your projected hover travel and you can bee travel richness ( Table dos).